Linux

GDM = GNOME Display Manager You may need to restart GDM if GDM halts or does not want to function anymore. If a similar problem like this occurs it usually means that only GDM does not function.     If you quickly want to restart GDM press the following key combinations together: Ctrl+Alt+Backspace To restart GDM via the Terminal session type in the following command: sudo /etc/init...

How to create Aliases in Ubuntu? If you have a command that you run all the time in Ubuntu like pwd to print your working directory, you can create an alias for that specific command. In otherwords a shorter version for the pwd command.   Open a Terminal Window (CLI = Command Line Interface) Type the command cd to take you to your home directory. Now you need to edit the .bashrc file. To...

In the File Browser (Graphical) press the key combination ctrl+h together in order to view all the hidden files and folders.
In the command line when listing directory contents (ls) use the option -a eg. ls -ato list all hidden files.  Files or folders that start with a . (dot)

How to check what Kernel and Distribution of Linux your running via the Command Line? KERNEL Type in the following command: uname -r And hit enter The command above will display the kernel version you are running eg. 2.6.28-13-generic uname = Prints System Information -r = Prints the kernel release DISTRIBUTION Type in the following command: cat /etc/issue And hit enter The command above will...

Type in the following command in the command line:
cat /etc/services
Hit the enter key
And now a list of TCP and UDP port numbers will appear together with the service name that’s using them.

Type in the ‘clear‘ command and hit enter.
Alternatively press the key combination ‘CTRL+L‘ together and it should also clear the screen.

Open a new Terminal Window Create a mount point where you need the partition/drive to be mounted. You may mount the drive anywhere and call it whatever you want to. Example: mkdir /media/development   Make a backup of the fstab file!!!  This is very important!!!!!! Example: sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.backup20090728 Open the fstab file for editing Example: sudo gedit /etc/fstab Add the line...

Open a new Terminal Window (Command Line) if in GUI mode
Find your username by typing the command:  whoami
Type in the command id username to find your gid and uid
EXAMPLE of results: uid=1000(username) gid=1000(username) groups=1000(username) ,4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom), 46(plugdev),106(lpadmin),121(admin),122(sambashare)

(This has been tested on Ubuntu 9.04)(chm was developed by Microsoft Corporation)   Answer: STEP 1 At the top left corner of the Ubuntu Desktop click on Application->Add/Remove STEP 2 In the search box type in ‘chm‘ to search for chm reader applications. Select CHM Viewer in the list and mark the checkbox next to it. STEP 3 Click on the  ‘Apply Changes‘ button to...

There are 2 commands that can be used namely the ‘uptime‘ and ‘w‘ commands  uptime = Shows how long Linux has been running, how many users are connected and then three system load averages. w = The w command gives a little bit more information.this could be useful if you have a busy system with lots of users connected. Open a new Terminal Session and type...

Open a new Terminal Window if not already in command line. Type in the ‘top‘ command. Now a list of processes will appear as below. top – 09:38:39 up  1:09,  2 users,  load average: 0.43, 0.29, 0.29 Tasks: 165 total,   2 running, 163 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie Cpu(s):  4.5%us,  3.2%sy,  0.0%ni, 92.2%id,  0.0%wa,  0.2%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st Mem:   1974152k total,  1622216k...

Don’t use the delete button only (Otherwise the .Trash-1000 folder will be created)
Press the key combination shift+delete together to delete then Ubuntu won’t create a .Trash-1000 folder. (Note: If you delete files and folders this way they are gone forever!)

NOTE: This has been tested on Ubuntu 9.04.

Open a new Terminal Window. Type in the commands below. mysqladmin -u root OLDPASSWORD NEWPASSWORD If you get the error below follow solution 2 mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)' If you did not get the error above restart the mySql server by typing the following command: sudo service mysql restart Solution...

In the command line type the following command and hit enter:
{codecitation style=”brush: bash;”}free -m{/codecitation}
m = Displays the amount of RAM in Megabytes

NOTE: Tested on Ubuntu 9.04 Boot into Ubuntu Open a new Terminal Window Type in the following command: {codecitation style=”brush: bash;”}sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst{/codecitation} Now gedit will open. Located the following lines: ## timeout sec # Set a timeout, in SEC seconds, before automatically booting the default entry # (normally the first entry defined). timeout        10...

NOTE: Tested in Ubuntu 9.04 In this example we want to find the process id for Skype. In the command line type in the command below {codecitation style=”brush: bash;”}pgrep -l skype{/codecitation} This will list the process id together with the process name for Skype. -l = List the name of the process {codecitation style=”brush: bash;”}4322 skype{/codecitation} To list...

When loading Flash enabled websites in Firefox I get Flash Player problems? I’m running Firefox 3.0.13 on Ubuntu 9.04 Examples: When loading Google Analytics some flash features like the Dashboard, Visitors Overview and Map Overlay just load the whole time without any results displaying. Some sites eg. www.sterkinekor.co.za does not work properly in Firefox. General Flash Problems occur...

NOTE: Tested on Ubuntu 9.04

Press the Key Combination ALT+F2 together to launch the Run Application window.
Type in “gksudo nautilus” and click on Run to execute the command.
Nautilus should now be started

Type in the following command in the CLI
history | tail -n 10

This command will list the last 10 command line commands that you used.
Example
  506  history n

  507  history | tail 

  508  history | tail -10

  509  history | tail -n 3

  510  pgrep skype

  511  pgrep phone

  512  grep -rni 'test' *.php

  513  cd /var/www/test/

  514  grep -rni 'test' *.php

  515  history | tail -n 10